|
:''This person should not be confused with Pedro de Aranda, bishop of Calahorra during the late fifteenth century.'' Don Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea y Jiménez de Urrea, 10th Count of Aranda (Siétamo, Huesca, 1718 – Épila, Saragossa 1798), was a Spanish statesman and diplomat. ==Early life== He began ecclesiastical studies in the seminary of Bologna but when he was 18 he changed to the Military School of Parma. In 1740, he was captain in the Spanish Army and fought in the War of the Austrian Succession. As he had been severely wounded in combat in 1743 (he was left for dead on the battlefield), he temporarily left the military and traveled through Europe. He studied the Prussian Army and lived in Paris, where he met Diderot, Voltaire and D'Alembert and studied the ''Encyclopédie'' and Enlightenment movements. He briefly visited London in September 1754. Due to Prime Minister Ricardo Wall's sponsorship, Ferdinand VI appointed him in 1755 ambassador to Portugal and in 1757 director general of Artillery. In 1760, Charles III appointed him ambassador to Poland and on his return he was sent to Portugal to supersede Nicolás de Carvajal, Marquis of Sarriá in the command of the Spanish army then invading Portugal. His forces managed to capture the key border town of Almeida but were then forced to retreat following the intervention of British troops led by John Burgoyne at the Battle of Valencia de Alcántara and the war was brought to an end shortly afterwards by the Treaty of Paris. In 1763 he was appointed captain general of the Province of Valencia. When the Esquilache Riots happened he was appointed captain general of New Castile and president of the Council of Castile. As he enjoyed the personal confidence of the king, his power was similar to a prime minister's. He promoted many enlightened reforms and he supported the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767. His political and courtier enemies, especially Floridablanca, managed to achieve his dismissal. He was appointed ambassador to France in 1773, where he stayed till 1787.〔http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Pedro_Pablo_Abarca_De_Bolea,_Count_Of_Aranda〕 In Paris, analyzing the situation created after the United States won its independence, he drafted a projected Commonwealth for the Spanish Empire: three independent kingdoms (Peru, ''Tierra Firme'' (New Granada and Venezuela) and Mexico) with three Spanish ''infantes'' in their thrones. The Spanish king would remain as the Spanish Emperor.〔Cf. Lucena, Manuel: ''Premoniciones de la independencia de Iberoamérica : las reflexiones de José de Ábalos y el Conde de Aranda sobre la situación de la América española a finales del siglo XVIII'', Madrid: Fundación Histórica Tavera; Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, 2003〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, 10th Count of Aranda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|